Análise comparativa de modelos de prestação de serviços de saneamento básico

Abstract

The general objective of this work was to comparatively analyze the main models for providing water supply and sewage services in Brazil, considering coverage criteria, quality of services provided, operational efficiency, financial sustainability and social aspects. To this end, specific objectives were established that include the comparison of services provided by different models, such as direct municipal administration, indirect municipal administration, state sanitation companies and private companies, at different geographic scales: national, macroregional and state. This study also takes a detailed approach to the history of sanitation in the country, identifying developments that have shaped current systems, and critically analyzes public sanitation policies, highlighting their social, economic and environmental impacts. Using secondary data from the 2023 National Sanitation Information System, referring to the base year 2022, the research applies univariate analysis tools of descriptive statistics to make comparisons of different management models. The analysis revealed that direct and indirect municipal administrations are more effective in covering water services, while private companies stand out in sewage treatment. State companies perform better in water quality, but face challenges in financial management and implementation of the social tariff. The North and Northeast regions, predominantly administered directly by municipalities, suffer from structural and financial deficiencies, presenting difficulties in supplying water with adequate quality and financial sustainability. In the South and Central-West, indirect administrations stand out for their operational efficiency.