Aprendizagem baseada em problemas no ensino de química: perspectivas na educação do campo em tempos de pandemia

Abstract

In this scientific work, we developed a research about didactic intervention based on an active teaching methodology with High School students from a rural school, seeking the development of skills such as autonomy, social interaction, creativity, and, especially, the search for the construction of the critical subject. The investigated teaching activities used as didactic resource two constructed problem situations, involving corona virus theme, articulated to the thermochemistry, pH and chemical equilibrium contents, indicated in the teaching material of the Minas Gerais state, the Tutored Study Plan (TSP). The work was carried out in a state public school, involving 21 students of the second year of High School aged between 16 and 17 years old, during the year 2020, in the Emergency Remote Teaching (ERE) period. The teaching methodology that guided the didactic intervention, study object in this research, is the Problem-Based Learning (PBL). The methodological approach was action research. Were used as instruments of data collection and construction: questionnaires, event maps, cases involving the problem situation and a semi-structured interview. The data analysis was guided by Content Analysis. It was possible to verify that most students consider that they have developed attitudes and skills when studying with PBL. The participation allowed the students to formulate hypotheses to solve a problem, besides providing learning autonomy. Regarding the acquisition of knowledge, the students have shown to achieve the proposed goals, through the synthesis of the exposed problem in the posters built by the groups. Thus, we conclude that PBL was relevant for the students learning and contributed to increase the interest in the activities. Finally, the steps performed in groups allowed the sharing of ideas and experiences, corroborating to become more active and critical subjects in the learning process.