Conjunto didático de ótica: uma proposta prática para o ensino de luz e cor

Abstract

This work presents an optical didactic set associated with a constructivist didactic sequence for the teaching of concepts of white light, reflection and dispersion of light and color perception. The low-cost didactic set consists of a spectrograph, made from a piece of CD and cardboard, and a small Light Box made with accessible materials, that can be used to present optical phenomenons in an attractive way for students. Inside the box, LEDs allow you to observe the reflection of lights and perceive the formation of white light. In addition, possible combinations among the LEDs themselves allows you to work on color perception ant the RGB and CMKY color systems. The set also has dyes to work with the pigment combinations and compare both systems. The fidget spinner, a popular toy, allows you to work on formation of white light, just by turning it to observe the phenomenon. This set was applied in a state public school on the outskirts of Juiz de Fora, through the didactic sequence for the teaching of light and color. The application took place in four 50-minute classes in May 2019. The analysis of the results found in the classroom, together with the reports prepared by the students, allowed the improvement of the product for its current configuration. It is concluded that the Final Product (the Set and the didactic sequence) reached the initial expectation, encouraged students to interact with the observed phenomena to find the answers to the proposed situations with the contribution of the didactic set. The suggested activities motivated the students' participation in groups, bringing the debate alive to the classroom, creating an active and favorable learning environment.