Avaliação da adoção de procedimentos relacionados à redução da contagem total de bactérias no leite de rebanhos bovinos envolvidos em um programa de pagamento por qualidade

Abstract

The present study evaluated the adoption of procedures related to the reduction of the total bacterial count (TBC) in the milk of bovine herds involved in a quality payment program in the Zona da Mata, MG from May 2016 to February 2017, inserted in the Federal Government Program, after implantation of the Kit Embrapa Ordenha Manual® (Kit). The cost benefit of the adoption of the Kit due to the payment for quality and its economic viability were also evaluated. Fifteen small holders that produced until 200 liters/day and manual milking were trained to use the Kit. Questionnaires were applied to verify the adoption of the procedures related to Kit, observing that the evolution of the adoption of the procedures by small holders. The TBC ranged from 35% to 94%. There was a significant association (P<0,05) between the study period and the adoption of procedures for the reduction of TBC. The procedures of filtration of milk, hygiene of buckets and utensils, during the months of qualification had the percentage of adoption increased, with significant difference between the initial and final months. The dilution of chlorine and contempt of the first jets were significantly reduced (P<0,05), demonstrating that these results may have a significant effect on TBC. A significant difference (p <0.001) in the procedures for washing and drying the ceilings, detergent use, dilution of detergent and chlorine, contempt of the first jets, use of the dark background and milking line. The mean of TBC throughout the study were compared between the training periods and there was no significant difference (P>0,05), even with the qualification of the producers and the implementation of the Kit along with the payment for quality the counts were not different. Comparing the milk quality pay and the TBC results, it was observed that 35.3% of the producers obtained counts below 50,000 CFU/mL, 13.4% between 51 and 100,000 CFU/mL and 51.3% with counts above of 100,000 CFU/mL, evidencing the non-adoption of all procedures. An estimative was performed based on the monthly average of the volume of milk delivered to the dairy and the average of the subsidy for the quality paid to small holder throughout the study and it was observed that the higher the milk production the faster the payback. Of the total of fifteen milk producers only one would be able to pay for the Kit during the study period. The results of the study showed that the milk producers had different perceptions in the adoption and maintenance between the procedures for reduction of TBC. The system of payment of milk for quality as it was designed was not able to motivate milk producers to adopt and maintain the procedures related to the Kit Embrapa Ordenha Manual®, reflecting the quality of milk.