Mídia e crise política: uma análise das estratégias de comunicação dos governos Dilma Rousseff (PT) e Michel Temer (MDB) e o enquadramento noticioso da Folha de S. Paulo

Abstract

From the symbiotic relationship between the political field and the mediatic instance, thi research brings a discussion about the power relations exercised by these fields. The dissertation seeks to understand the centrality of the media field to political disputes, which implies in increasingly intensified processes of spectacularization and personalization. It is also discussed the transition that has taken place, in which the social fields, including the media field, are being transformed by the increasing mediatization of social life. The theoretical referential also encompasses the discussions around democracy and the crisis of representation, focusing on national politics and the coup of 2016, which culminated in the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff. As for the data analysis, the research has two investigation axes. One is focused on the federal government's communication strategies in two specific moments: firstly, the Dilma Rousseff ‘s (PT) management in the crisis period and her impeachment, and, second, the Michel Temer’s (MDB) management, whom assumed temporarily until the ex-president's annulment, then when he took office until the moment of his government's crisis due to denunciations of corruption. Those analyzes were developed through the study of the pronouncements made by Dilma and Temer. The second perspective is to analyze the news frame made by Folha de S. Paulo, as a representation of the media coverage. As methodology, it was used the Content Analysis of Bardin (2011) merged with the Framework Analysis (PORTO, 2004; MENDONÇA; SIMÕES, 2012; GAMSON; MODIGLIANI, 1993; MAIA; VIMIEIRO, 2011). It seeks to identify the points of confluence and divergence in the construction of the presidents’ image and their governments’ image as well, in order to compare the different strategies and frameworks. It is noted, therefore, that the presidents resorted to different strategies, Dilma resorted to the conquests brought by the PT governments while Temer chose to adopt the strategy of triggering the overcoming of the economic crisis in its government. As for the framework given by the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, it can be noted that both governments gained negative frames in moments of crisis, but when bringing economic issues, the news vehicle framed the Temer government in a more positive way compared to the government PT.