Associação entre religiosidade e felicidade em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise: estudo longitudinal

Abstract

With the increase of survival of patients with chronic kidney disease, it has been recognized the importance of improving the quality of this survival. Religiosity / spirituality has been associated with a better state of physical and mental health, but there is still a lack of studies between religiosity / spirituality and chronic kidney disease, as well as on the mediators the association between religiosity / spirituality and indicators of health and well-being. The objective of this study is to investigate an association between levels of religiosity / spirituality and happiness in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis and the role of the sense of coherence as a possible mediator. This is a longitudinal observational study (cohort) with one year follow-up in two renal replacement therapy centers in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with 161 adult hemodialysis patients. Linear metabolism with linear regression at time 1 (at the beginning of the study - T1), regarding time 2, for the association between religiosity / spirituality and happiness, without the mediation of the sense of coherence. Test for paired samples to investigate changes in religiosity / spirituality and happiness between T1 and T2. Adjustments for sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data were performed. 91.2% of the sample was considered religious. Any clinical or sociodemographic changes correlated with happiness. Not T1, intrinsic religiosity was associated with higher values of happiness (β = 0.47, 95% CI 0.17 - 0.77). When we controlled the sense of coherence, which proved to be a partial mediator, the difference between religiosity and happiness decreased, but remained significant (β = 0.32, 95% CI 0.06 - 0.6). Sense of light, resistance, impact, statistical happiness on T1 and T2. Between T1 and T2, there were statistically significant increases in intrinsic religiosity (12.8 versus 13.7) and happiness (19.4 versus 20.3). Transverse analysis in T1, although the clinical and social variables no longer present with the happiness of patients on hemodialysis, a religiosity / spirituality associated to a higher level of happiness with the sense of coherence as mediator. Throughout a year of follow-up, the elderly mated independently, in an intrinsic way and happiness, the religiosity / spirituality in T1 did not predict happiness in T2. Factors such as religiosity / spirituality and sense of coherence were relevant to the patient's well being on hemodialysis, and were implicated in the best evaluation and treatment of patients.