Análise da convergência de desenvolvimento multidimensional para regiões intermediárias de Minas Gerais

Abstract

There is a considerable volume of studies whose objective is to test the presence of income convergence (GDP per capita) in several regional and temporal cuts. However, from the broadening of the discussions about the process of social and economic development of the regions, per capita GDP came to be seen as a limited measure, because it did not capture issues related to living standards and well-being as well as the distribution of income among the population. In this way, the present work sought to verify if there is a process of convergence of multidimensional development considering, besides the income, aspects such as education, health, poverty, housing and employment conditions, among the thirteen intermediate regions of Minas Gerais, obtained from new regional division of IBGE (2017). The time cut used consists of the years 1991, 2000 and 2010, which are census years and have a greater availability of data. The chosen technique for the construction of the groups was the multivariate method of Cluster Analysis. The results corroborate with the previous literature, indicating the formation of a cluster of higher development for the intermediate regions of Belo Horizonte, Uberaba, Uberlândia, Varginha, Divinópolis, Pouso Alegre and Patos de Minas and a cluster of smaller development, with the other intermediate regions, such as Teófilo Otoni, Governador Valadares and Montes Claros, for example. There was also a reduction in the distance between the groupings from 1991 to 2010, which suggests a process of convergence, but when comparing the 2000 and 2010 groupings what is observed is an increase in the distance between the groups, suggesting the existence of a recent process of divergence on multidimensional development between the regions. In addition there was an internal convergence between the groups reinforcing the hypothesis of existence of convergence clubs for the studied regions.