Conexões entre corrupção, valores e renda: um recorte para indivíduos

Abstract

Based on the increasing attention given to the issues of corruption, in the last decades, by means of approaches focused on the economic, political and institutional areas, the present work is dedicated to evaluating the relationship between corruption , income, and socio- institutional dimensions, such as gender, religious traditions, and interpersonal trust. Thus, the intention is to understand what factors contribute to a greater (or lesser) propensity of the individual to commit a corrupt act. Given the diversity of definitions of the phenomenon, the question assessing acceptance of bribery, presented in the World Values Survey (WVS), is used as a proxy for corruption, following an economic approach at this point. The WVS is the source of the data of this research, comprising the period from 1995 to 2014. To obtain the results, two analyzes were used: the first one uses the technique of Multiple Correspondence Analysis; and the second explores a Logistic Logistic Regression model (Ordered Logic). In summary, these methods indicated, in synthesis, an alignment with each other, reinforcing the results obtained by others in the empirical work. Among the different results, one has to: i) A relationship between gender and corruption is perceived, in which men tend to be more prone to bribery than women; ii) Those who are not in favor of democracy as a political system have shown evidence of a greater propensity for corruption; iii) high levels of income give indications of a positive association of the individual with the oil of bribery; iv) as there are also signs that individuals who do not agree with greater equality of income tend to corruption; v) There is evidence of a negative association of corruption with the level of interpersonal trust; and, vi) Regarding the relation between religious traditions and corruption, it was contradictory. Thus, the study indicates that, when considering the socio-institutional factors associated with corruption, it is possible to understand in a more multidisciplinary way, how values, institutions and individual characteristics can affect corruption.