Insatisfação corporal em adolescentes praticantes de ginástica artística

Abstract

Objectives: 1) To evaluate the general body dissatisfaction and in specific areas in adolescents who practice artistic gymnastic in elite and non-elite levels, and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic, anthropometric and maturational variables on body dissatisfaction; 2) To investigate relationships and to compare body dissatisfaction, media influence, perfectionism, mood and eating disorders in adolescents who practice gymnastics in elite and non-elite levels and non-athletes; 3) To investigate the influence that the study variables exert on body dissatisfaction and to compare them in artistic gymnastic elite athletes in pre, during and post competitive periods. Methods: This study is characterized as quantitative, descriptive and correlational, transversal and longitudinal. A total of 413 adolescents of both sexes took part in the study. They were divided into three groups: 40 elite athletes; 245 non-elite athletes; and 128 non-athlete adolescents. The age of the young, of both sexes, all residents in the city of Três Rios-RJ, ranged between 10 and 18 years (mean 12.86 ± 1.80). The assessment instruments were: BSQ, EAC, EAT-26, SATAQ-3, MPS, BRUMS, CCEB and socio-demographic questionnaire. Anthropometric and maturacional data were collected. Results: 1) 24.9% of the non-elite athletes and 15% of elite athletes were dissatisfied with their body in general. For specific body areas, non-elite athletes were significantly more dissatisfied with their body area "weight" than the elite athletes. Sociodemographic and economic variables had no influence on body dissatisfaction. For non-elite athletes, only the %G and somatic maturation were predictors for general and specific body dissatisfaction, respectively. 2) Only eating disorders influenced body dissatisfaction in the three groups. In non-athletes, BMI, mood and media influence added explanation to the model. For non-elite athletes, %G, media influence and mood were also predictors for body dissatisfaction. In comparing the three groups, the elite athletes had lower BMI and %G than the others. The non-athletes had lower scores for perfectionism, while non-elite athletes had lower scores for mood. 3) Body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, self-oriented perfectionism and the vigor of artistic gymnastics elite athletes differed according to the competitive period. Eating disorders was a predictor of body dissatisfaction in the pre, during and post competition, and mood added explanation to the model at time 2.