Evolução temporal da discriminação salarial de gênero no mercado de trabalho brasileiro

Abstract

Primarily, the entrance of women in the labor market in Brazil occurred from the 1970s, when feminist movements began to emerge as a form of support for women. Despite the increase in labor market participation over the years, women are in a disadvantage when it comes to wage, mainly because of the different forms of discrimination they suffer when entering the labor market. Therefore, this study has the objective of estimate the gender wage discrimination in the Brazilian labor market and its intertemporal character, which allows us to verify when men’s and women’s payment will be equal in the country. In addition, it was extracted information about the wage differences’ evolution, for different levels of education, in different regions. For this purpose, data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (PNAD) from 1995 to 2015 were use. The method used to verify the existence of discrimination was the Oaxaca- Blinder decomposition, which made it possible to see the existence of a gender wage differential in the Brazilian labor market, and that it is greater for unqualified individuals and for the more industrialized regions. There has also been seen a downward trend in discrimination against women in the labor market. In order to predict when the discrimination will cease to exist, the ARIMA method was used, through which it was concluded that gender pay discrimination would cease to exist in Brazil primarily in the group of skilled works and in the Midwest.