A oralidade em sala de aula: o trabalho prescrito e o realizado com o gênero entrevista

Abstract

The variety of research papers in the framework of language teaching have shown that progress was made regarding the study of the oral modality, but nevertheless it only has a very modest place in school when compared to the written modality (DOLZ E SCHNEUWLY,2004; MARCUSCHI, 1997, 2001; LEAL E GOIS, 2012). Therefore, we consider it relevant to conduct research involving that modality, in order to contribute to the studies at this field as well as to teacher practices. Based on the theoretical assumptions of socio-discursive interactionism (BRONCKART, 1999; 2006; DOLZ, SCHNEUWLY, 2004; MACHADO, 2009; LOUSADA, 2013; CRISTOVÃO, STUTZ, 2011), whose foundations regard textual genres as instruments for the development of language skills, we seek to analyse, using the textual genre “interview”, a) how the Curriculum Proposal from the Juiz de Fora educational system prescribes the teaching of such genre; b) in what way a specific teacher from that system plans her work on such genre in the classroom; and c) how she carries out her work. As analysis procedure, we adopted the synopsis, which have allowed us to undertake a thorough review of data, using these categories: genre as an instrument and/or genre as object of study. Held at Quilombo dos Palmares Municipal School, in the city of Juiz de Fora, this research aims to understand the configuration of the teaching work concerning the use of strategies for approaching orality, more specifically of the textual genre “interview”, as part of a school magazine drafting project. Furthermore, as we observe teaching actions, it is possible to comprehend such occupation not only as a vocation, but mainly as a job. Our studies have shown, thereby, that a) the document contains a conception of language grounded on the interaction between subjects, and genres are conceived as actions. Moreover, it adopts a conception of independent oral, by suggesting to turn orality teaching into a study object; b) with respect to the planning, we can see that it’s done in a reductive way, so that we’re not able to perceive the richness of the work effectively carried out by the teacher; and c) from watching it, we note that she does the prescripted work with the genre taking into account its study (the genre as an object of study) and addressing several issues which involve orality teaching and its use (the genre as an instrument).