O conceito de pessoa a partir da visão antropológica de Max Scheler

Abstract

Study about the speculation presented by Max Scheler's phenomenology on the concept of person. The philosopher's intention is to speculate whether there is a stratum, a position of being peculiar to human being, that is, if there is an essential conceptualization of man. Initially, we present the comparative analysis made by Scheler of the various strata of being present on the human being in relation to the other living beings. Considered in its various spheres, the living being in general is structured, according to the philosopher, from the construction of the psychic or individual world, that is, the self-being, which develops in four evolutionary and subordinate dimensions, they are: (i) the affective (or sensory) impulse; (ii) the animal instinct; (iii) associative memory and (iv) practical intelligence. After that, the human peculiarity in the cosmos is analyzed, its character of person that differentiates man from other living beings. Finally, the anthropological view of Scheler is presented in the theoretical dimension (intuition of essences) and in the practical dimension (intuition of values). In overcoming Kantian ethical formalism, considering the person as a being not only as a rational but also emotional and spiritual, Scheler contributes to the construction of an anthropological and general view of person (humanistic personalism), understanding it as a unit.