Qualidade de vida de indivíduos tabagistas, ex-tabagistas e não tabagistas de um município do sudeste brasileiro

Abstract

Introduction: The term "quality of life" (QoL) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as: "the individual's perception of his / her position in life, in the context of the culture and value system in which he lives in relation their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. " NoThe concept of smoking status: the "regular smoker" is, every individual who makes continuous use of cigarettes (total consumption> 100) throughout life. Former smokers are those who have been "regular smokers" but have ceased their use. "Non-smokers" are those who never smoked or smoked (<100 cigarettes). The related legislation establishes that the care given to the smoker should happen primarily in the Units of Primary Health Care (UAPS), supporting the users to live in a healthier way with QoL. The National Policy developed for the control of smoking places the importance of the help, support, support and collaboration of the health professionals for the success in the interruption of the use of cigarettes and reach of the QV. Objective: To evaluate the QoL of smokers, former smokers and non-smokers (UAPS) in the city of Juiz de Fora / MG. Describe the approach to smoking control from the perspective of health professionals. Method: Participants were recruited in the waiting rooms by spontaneous demand during service at the UAPS of the municipality, and a health professional was interviewed by UAPS. The WHOQOL-BREF QOL questionnaire was used in all users of the UAPS (500) and the Fagerstrom Test (nicotinic dependence) only in smokers. And a questionnaire on the work developed to control smoking in the UAPS to 50 health professionals. Data analysis: The SPSS 23.0 program was used. A descriptive analysis was performed using mean, standard deviation, median, and maximum and minimum values. Categorical variables were expressed as absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies. The analysis of categorical variables, bivariate, was compared by Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, ANOVA in addition to the Tukey and Welch test. Values of (p <0.05) were considered statistically significant. Results: The values found in the physical, psychological, environmental and social domains, the facets (Q1) and (Q2) and the global QOL presented a regular mean between the groups studied. The overall QoL of the participants had been: smokers were 3.33 + 0.04, ex-smoker 3.40 + 0.03, and non-smokers 3.49 + 0.02. It should be highlighted that the results of the health professionals of the municipality were different from the results obtained by the users, when asked about the support of the health services for cessation of smoking. Health professionals stated that the services provided by the UAPS collaborated in interrupting the use of cigarettes in 70% (35) of the UAPS, but 79.2% (180) of the users, former smokers and smokers, reported that they had not received this support to stop using cigarettes. Conclusion: The search for health can be an important goal to stop smoking and to achieve better QoL. The evaluation of QoL and the description of the work to control smoking can help to direct the care and management diagnosis performed by health professionals, managers and researchers.