Relação família-escola na perspectiva da legislação educacional inclusiva, dos familiares e gestores escolares.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze and characterize the relationship family-school (F-S) from the perspectives of the Colombian and Brazilian inclusive educational legislation, the families with students with and without disability (EwD and EwoD) and managers from Brazilian regular schools. This is a descriptive-interpretative study that has been done in two phases: an educational legislation documentary analysis research and an empirical research with human sources. In the first phase, the relationship (F-S) was characterized, by analyzing documents about inclusive education that were elaborated and addressed by the Ministries of Education or by any other government entity from these countries. In the Brazilian case, were analyzed 33 federal documents issued in the 1988-2014 period. In the Colombian case, were analyze 33 national documents too, issued in the 1991-2014 period. It was found that the relationship F-S it´s not the central core of the educational inclusive legislation in none of the countries. However, in the Colombian legislation, it was identified more detailed contents of participation mechanisms of the families in the school, opposed to the finds in the Brazilian legislation. The content points in a fragmented way to both systems (F-S) and their interactions, this allows to affirm that, they are implicit and generic references in the legislation regarding to this link. In the empiric phase, there was a participation of 25 EwoD, EwD families and four school managers from a city in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The following instruments were used: Questionário de Caracterização do Sistema Familiar, Checklist da Rotina Compartilhada e Envolvimento entre Família – Escola: version for parents and teachers and focal/semi structured interviews for families and managers. The questionnaire allowed to find homogeneity in the families in aspects like kind of residence, daily routine, leisure activities and religion. This is about families who lived in their own house and divided their time between the care of the children and their occupational activity. Also, this indicates that the unique approach F-S happened when the parents/guardians helped their children to do the homework. By using the Checklist was evident that, for the families, the relationship F-S in the parents-student dimension occurs more in the academic and no academic field, and in the guidance, participation, information, and evaluation activities. In the other hand, the link F-S for manager it´s more frequent in the teacher-director dimension in the two fields and in the four kind of activities mentioned. The stories from the interviews allowed to make a categorical system to construct and understand the specificities of the link F-S. It is concluded that the interaction between F-S favors processes of human development, in addition to enable to build inclusive educational practices.