Adesão ao regime terapêutico e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem due to its prevalence and the costs involved in treatment, as well as the high morbidity and mortality rates. At its most advanced stage, it requires renal replacement therapy. It is estimated that 111,303 people are undergoing dialysis treatment per year, of which approximately 92.8% are undergoing hemodialysis. The hemodialysis treatment regime encompasses changes in daily life, such as travel to dialysis centers and restrictions on diet and family life. The present study aimed to evaluate adherence to the treatment regimen and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. The standards for assessing adherence to the treatment regimen were established by The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), being: fluid restrictions, dietary restrictions, medication regimen, and hemodialysis therapy. Patients who showed noncompliance in at least one aspect of treatment were considered nonadherent to therapy. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, Fischer's test, t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis. The HRQoL assessment was done using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life - Short Form - KDQOL-SF questionnaire. The specific components of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) were analyzed. The Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for analysis of the variables. The results of the study indicate that elderly patients with residual diuresis, adequate nutritional and hematological parameters, with public funding for hemodialysis sessions, and with white skin color, were more likely to be adherent (p <0.05). Individuals who are female, under 60 years old, white, of lower socioeconomic status, who require a companion, in hemodialysis therapy for less than 5 years, and who are prescribed 10 or more drugs, with low serum levels of albumin and hemoglobin, and nonadherent to fluid restrictions and to therapy, presented a worsening HRQoL. It is therefore essential that the treatment plan addresses the individual needs of the patient. Monitoring these parameters, as well as striving to attain the recommended standards, can bring about improvements in various aspects of patients' lives, and aid clinical practice and care planning. With this, the aim is to reduce hospitalization rates, health expenses, mortality, and provide improvements in the living conditions of these patients.