Fatores dietéticos de risco e de proteção para condições crônicas de saúde em município da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais

Abstract

The current morbidity and mortality pattern is characterized by the predominance of chronic health conditions. Risk factors such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle, overweight, abusive alcohol consumption and inadequate eating habits are included as determining factors. In this scenario, health information is relevant for the planning of interventions. The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of dietary risk factors and of protection for chronic health conditions in a municipality population sample of in the area of Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, in addition to identifying the prevalence of variables related to lifestyle and knowing the nutritional status of this population. In a cross-sectional study, with data from a household survey conducted in the city of Juiz de Fora, 1,032 individuals were evaluated. The stratified cluster sampling technique was used in three stages. As instrument, a semi-structured questionnaire was used with questions related to sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, eating habits and lifestyle. The evaluation of the dietary risk factors evidenced the consumption of meat with excess fat and consumption of whole milk in 42.9% and 60.5% of the interviewees, respectively. The regular intake of soft drinks and artificial juices was observed in 33.6% of the participants, and the majority of consumers preferred the sweetened sugar version. Regarding dietary protection factors, regular consumption and recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables were mentioned by 71.5% and 25.5% of participants, respectively. Abusive alcohol consumption was reported by 20.6% of the participants, smoking by 14.4% and only 38.4% of the individuals had adequate weight. The data show a high frequency of risk factors related to diet and lifestyle and reinforce the need for preventive care at a population level that takes into account regional aspects.