Determinantes dos depósitos de patentes em ciências da vida e da saúde nas unversidades federais mineiras: uma análise de dados em painel para o período 1995-2016

Abstract

Due to the evolutionary nature of the economic system, paradigm shifts induce the growth patterns called long waves. These changes, which occur on average every 50 years, are brought about by the insertion of disruptive innovations that unceasingly revolutionize the economic structure, destroying the old and creating new elements, not only at an economic but institutional, organizational and social level. In the 1990s, with the development of microelectronics and communications technologies, the paradigm of information technology emerged, characterized by the intensity of information that, transformed into knowledge and innovation, plays a crucial role in development. However, to trigger this process, countries need to build appropriate institutional arrangements. Appears, with it, the model of systems of innovation of the Triple Helix. This model comprises innovation and technical progress in a Knowledge Economy as the result of a complex set of relations between university-business-government. Being these the actors that are directly involved in the production, distribution, and application of knowledge. In this context, the present study aimed to identify the impact of the production of knowledge and public policies to produce patent deposits of researchers from the scientific field of Life Sciences and Health, from the federal universities of Minas Gerais. The analysis considered the period from 1995 to 2016. For this, the techniques of exploratory data analysis and panel data analysis were used. The results showed that educational factors (post-graduation orientations), economic (technological products and technological services provision) and political (legal framework, financial resources, and stimulus policies) impact the production of patent deposits of researchers belonging to the scientific domain Life Sciences and Health of the federal universities of Minas Gerais. Academic experience and scientific knowledge, the main input to generate innovation, were not decisive to produce patent deposits. On the other hand, the political factors had a strong impact, both in the production of knowledge and in patent deposits. This demonstrates the efforts of the Government to try to reduce the technology gap.