Avaliação das variáveis associadas à patência de fístulas arteriovenosas para hemodiálise confeccionadas pelo nefrologista

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an illness of high morbidity and mortality. The periodic hemodialysis is the most widely used method in maintaining the survival of patients with CKD. In hemodialysis is needed a vascular access, and the gold standard is the arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The main complications of AVF are the failure of access and consequent higher mortality. The objectives are: 1) to evaluate the success rate in AVF made by a nephrologist; and 2) to identify clinical, laboratory and demographic variables that impact the AVF patency. Method: Retrospective cohort study characterized the examination records of patients with CKD who underwent construction of AVF by a nephrologist. The medical records of 101 patients were included, totaling 159 procedures between June 2010 and June 2013. Results: Of AVF performed, 124 (78%) had immediate patency and 110 (62.9%) had late patency. Of the variables studied only hemoglobin was related to the late patency of AVF (p = 0.05). High blood pressure at the time of surgery was associated with fewer procedures per patient with p = 0.001. Distal AVF associated with a major number of procedures per patient with p = 0.03. Additionally, it was observed that our AVF patency success rate compatible with the indexes presented in the literature by other nephrologists and vascular surgeons. Conclusion: hemoglobin maintenance at the recommended tracks impact favorably on late patency of the AVF, high blood pressure at the time of surgery was associated with fewer procedures which the patient is submitted. The distal procedures associated with a major number of procedures per patient, while the proximal are more frequent in patients with 2 accesses, indicating its use mainly in the failure of distal access.