Efeito de atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional no perfil clínico de pacientes com doença renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico

Abstract

In the last decades, the nutritional transition and the aging of the population have modified the world morbidity and mortality profile, since there was an increase in chronic non-communicable diseases. Approximately two million patients are in dialysis treatment in the world and the annual growth of this population is of 6 to 7% per year. Hemodialysis is a procedure that requires nutritional monitoring, since there are intense modifications in the diet profile from the beginning. Food and Nutrition Education (EAN) can help in better understanding about the new eating patterns and the autonomy of the individual about their choices. This is a non-randomized, controlled clinical trial developed at the Hemodialysis (HD) Center of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF). The subjects were divided into IG and CG, according to the days of frequency in the HD. Five nutritional interventions were performed on Fridays, for two months, in 2014. Data were collected for both groups in three moments: Baseline (BL), Post-Intervention Immediate (PII) (shortly after the end of the last intervention), and Post-Intervention Late (PIL) (six months after the last intervention). These correspond to the three evaluations of the patients in this study. The interventions realized were dynamic, visual and recreational, that valued the verbal participation of patients, as well as their solution of questions related to food and about their pathologies. On biochemical tests, there was a significant decrease (p = 0.036) of serum phosphorus in the IG. In long-term, statistically, the interventions did not contribute to an improvement of the feeding of these individuals. It is possible to verify the relevance of the interventions of FNE in the care of HD patients, demonstrating its influence on changing the nutritional profile of the individuals. This type of intervention should be part of the routine of the HD centers, so that the changes can be permanent, resulting in an increase of the quality of life of the patients.