Síntese e caracterização espectroscópica de complexos de Co(II), Ni(II) e Cu(II) envolvendo espécies oxocarbônicas e ligantes nitrogenados derivados piridínicos

Abstract

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of novel complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) involving the oxocarbons species, squaric acid and croconate ion, the pseudo-oxocarbon croconate violet dianion as well as the nitrogen ligands derived from pyridine 4,4’-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (MBP), 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(α-pyridyl)pyrazine (TPP) and 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (BPP). Additionally, some syntheses involving the Mn(II) metal ion were realized. We used various analytical and spectroscopic techniques for characterization of the compounds such as elemental analysis (CHN), thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman). We obtained six complexes involving the species squarate. Three of them contain the ligand 4,4’-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (MBP), named: [Co(MBP)2 (C4O4)] (1), [Ni(MBP)3](C4O4).3H2O (2) and {[Cu2(MBP)2(C4O4)2(H2O)4]}n (3) and the other three contain the ligand 2,3,5,6 tetrakis(α-pyridyl)pyrazine (TPP): [Co2(TPP)(C4O4)2(H2O)2)]2H2O (4), [Ni2(TPP)(C4O4)(H2O)2Cl2]7H2O (5) and [Cu2(TPP)(H2O)2Cl2)](C4O4)2H2O (6). The complexes (2), (3) and (6) had their structures determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound (3) is an one-dimensional coordination polymer extended through squarate ion coordinated to the Cu(II) sites in the µ-1,2-bis(monodentate) bridging mode. The oxocarbon ligand acts as counter-ion in compounds (2) and (6). The synthesis involving the croconate ion led to the taking of seven novel compounds named: {[Co(MBP)2(NO3)]2+[Co(C5O5)2(H2O)4]2-}.6H2O (7), [Ni(MBP)2(C5O5)] (8), [Cu(MBP)(C5O5)(H2O)] (9), {[Mn2(BPP)2(C5O5)2(H2O)4].3H2O}n (10), {[Co2(BPP)2(C5O5)2(H2O)4].2H2O}n (11), {[Ni2(BPP)3(C5O5)2(H2O)4].5H2O}n (12) and {[Cu(BPP)(C5O5)(H2O)3]}n (13). The compounds (7), (8) and (10) had their structures determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex (7) is dinuclear, consisting of one cationic and one anionic portion that has two croconate ions coordinated to the metal center in a monodentate fashion, while compound (8) is mononuclear with croconate dianion coordinated to Ni(II) in the 1,2-bidentate mode. In compound (7) it can be noticed the presence of hydrogen interactions extending the arrangement into two dimensions, while in (8), π-π stacking interactions extend the supramolecular arrangement in one dimension. Compound (10) is a two-dimensional coordination polymer where both BPP nitrogen ligands adopt a TG (trans-gauche) conformation. The polymer has two croconate ions with different coordination modes, one adopts the 1,2-bidentate mode and the other acts in an unusual -1,2-bis(monodentate) bridging mode, which has no reports in the literature. This 2-D polymer network presents (6,3) structural topology. Two 2-D sheets interlocked each other in a parallel way generating an interpenetrated structure. Through the synthesis involving the croconate violet dianion was obtained two compounds, named: [Co(MBP)2(CV)] (14) and {[Mn(BPP)2(H2O)2](CV).2H2O)]}n (15). Compound (15) had its structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It has two BPP ligands, in the TG (trans-gauche) conformation, bridging two sites of Mn(II) generating a one-dimensional polymeric array in which the croconato violet dianions act as counter-ions. There is the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions in the structure which are responsible for the extension of the supramolecular arrangements into two and three dimensions.