Impactos de medidas antidumping adotadas pelos EUA sobre o setor siderúrgico e suas consequências para a economia de Minas Gerais e o restante do Brasil

Abstract

This work pointed to analyse the impact of the antidumping measure, started in October of 1998, against the exportation of the Iron and Steel sector from Brazil towards the United States. Specifically, pointed itself to verify the effects that came from this commercial barrier on the production and employment of the sectors of Minas Gerais state and the rest of Brazil. For that, at the beginning, an exportation function was estimated trying to captive the possible restrictive impacts of the antidumping measure to exportation of Laminated Steel by heat, within the period between January of 1995 and december o 2002, from Minas Gerais State. Subsequantially, the result of the model was incorporated to the vector of Iron and Steel Industry exportation from Minas Gerais, and inserted into matrixes of inter-regional input-output, for the years between 199 and 2002. The Matrixes used, had commercial relationships with 13 sectors of Minas Gerais and other 13 sectors throughout Brazil and from these two regions with abroad. Therefore, this analysis, made possible the mensuration of the impacts of such measure on the various sectors of Minas Gerais' economy and the rest of Brazil's. As a result, it can be concluded that the antidumping measure affected the exportation of the Iron and Steel Industry of Minas Gerais, in a significant way, having its most cutting impact occurring right after the implementation of a provisory antidumping right. It was noticed an average reduction of 11.48% a year of the Minas Gerais' exportation on the period analysed. Yet, the impact on the production and employment of Minas Gerais' and the rest of Brazil was relatively small, due to the low representativity of the Laminated Steel by heat products on the total exported by the Iron and Steel Industry in Minas Gerais. In the meaning time, the study came up with clues that the Minas Gerais' Iron and Steel Industry exportation affect with more intensity sectors such as: the Iron and Steel Industry itself, not only from Minas Gerais but from the entire country, when it comes to production. About the employment, on both areas the most impacted sectors would be the farming (stockbreeding), Commerce, services and transportation.