Estudo microscópico da prevenção da desmineralização do esmalte dentário durante tratamento ortodôntico utilizando selante de fóssulas e fissuras

Abstract

The demineralization of dental enamel during orthodontic treatment is still a significant problem in Orthodontics. The presence of a retentive metallic apparatus on a dental flat surface allows an ideal site for retention of bacteria and food debris, making the cleaning difficult. This study aimed to evaluate through the stereoscopic microscope and scanning electron microscopy, the effect of an orthodontic adhesive and pit and fissure sealant preventing demineralization of enamel around orthodontic brackets after exposure of the teeth to demineralized solution. Ninety bovine incisors were used in three separate groups of 30 teeth each: adhesive group (G1), sealant of fossulae group (G2) and control group (G3). After bonding of brackets, the teeth were demineralized in a solution during 14 days with pH monitoring by a pH Meter. The analysis by stereoscopic microscope and scanning electron microscopy showed that in all 90 teeth was observed the occurrence of demineralization around orthodontic brackets. However, the areas of loss of enamel were different in the three groups (ANOVA, p < 0,001). The G2 group showed a significant reduction in the incidence of demineralization of enamel (71,9%), while the reduction in G1 was 38% when compared with group G3 (Tukey, p < 0,001). Scanning electron microscopy verified the presence of craters, pores and loss of the enamel aprismatic layer in the three groups. The use of pit and fissure sealant for protecting the labial surface of the teeth resulted in a significantly reduction of enamel demineralization in vitro.