Avaliação da concentração sérica do óxido nítrico e marcadores inflamatórios de tabagistas em tratamento para abstinência

Abstract

This work was presented in two articles which contemplated the following objectives: (i) to evaluate the serum concentration of nitric oxide metabolites (NO) in smokers and nonsmokers overweight women and correlate with anthropometric variables NO and the number of cigarettes / day (Article 1), and (ii) to compare the serum concentration of NO in smokers at baseline and after 4 months of treatment for smoking cessation and correlate NO with inflammatory markers (Article 2). We conducted an intervention study which evaluated the participants of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research and Intervention in University Hospital Tobacco, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CIPIT-HU/UFJF) at the beginning of treatment for abstinence and those who remained until the end of the study after four months, both men and women. Of the 159 individuals who began treatment, 86 were included in the study. Article1: To carry out the first phase of the study, we evaluated the biochemical, anthropometric data and number of cigarettes/day of 20 women smokers overweight, ranging from 20 to 72 who used the treatment of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and 18 also overweight women, nonsmokers and matched by age, were invited to another project called Health in the Balance that worked in the same place. We evaluated the biochemical and anthropometric data of these women to be compared to female smokers. The results showed decreased serum levels of NO in all study participants indicating that both groups may be experiencing decreased bioavailability of NO, which may be associated with increased risk factors for diseases related to smoking and the overweight. Therefore, it seems that the association of smoking with overweight interferes in the final levels of nitrite. Article 2: To continue the research we analyzed the serum levels of NO, cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-α) and HOMA-IR index at the beginning and the end of the treatment of those individuals who remained after 4 months of treatment (30 subjects, female and male - 25 abstinent and 5 still smoking). A significant reduction was observed (p = 0.001) of the initial NO median value of 18.80 (3.55 to 80.01) μmol/L for NO end 8.10 (2.85 to 14.97) μmol/L after 4 months of treatment. Comparing the data of NO at the beginning and end of treatment, participants who failed to keep abstinent (9.18 ± 3.85 μmol/L) and abstinent (7.58 ± 3.03 μmol/L) do not show statistical significant difference (p = 0.304). Still considering the smoking status after 4 months of treatment (abstinent x smokers), there were no statistical differences of the values of the analyzed cytokines, but it is believed that this response is part of an adaptive process in the body by reducing the use of nicotine. Of the 86 patients who started treatment and were included in this survey, only 25 individuals managed to remain abstinent but the 5 subjects who could not refrain decreased consumption of cigarettes/ day. BMI which earlier was already on average overweight sign (27.84 ± 5,58Kg/m2), had an increase in its final value (28.63 ± 5,70Kg/m2), with a statistically significant increase (p = 0.018), enhancing the risk of overweight and obesity. In addition, the time allotted for the treatment may have been insufficient to realize an improvement in the general condition of the participants and also the use of NRT during the treatment may have been decisive for the results.