Incontinência anal e diagnósticos de enfermagem: determinantes, prevalência e representações sociais

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the determinants of the aging process, the prevalence of anal incontinence and social representations that people aged ≥65 years are about anal incontinence to identify nursing diagnoses in this area in a socially contextualized group. Research outlined by the mixed method composed by survey and Theory of Social Representations structural and procedural approach. Participated peoples aged with ≥65 years, of both genders and residents of an area covered by a unit of Primary Health Care of Minas Gerais. Instrument of Data collection applied by individual interviews containing: Aging determinants, Wexner incontinence scales, St Mark, Fecal Incontinence Score Revised (RFIS) Fecal Incontinence Quality and Life (FIQL), evocations from inductive term and recorded interview for get discourse on anal incontinence. Used statistical support of SPSS, EVOC® and Nvivo® programs for consolidation and processing of data. Catered all legal and ethical requirements for research involving humans. Participated 110 people, with 70.9% aged 65-75 years; 62.7% women; 67.3% was borned in the state of Minas Gerais; 49.1% were married; home of the profession (12.7%), domestic (19.1%), and 24.5% never attended school and the average years of schooling was 7.59 years. Prevalence of anal incontinence was 9.9% in different levels according to the scale used. Among the determinants of the aging process was identified: many low-income families present in the daily lives of participants with intergenerational families, and bonds and with financial support for the family; habits of watching television, listening to the radio and transfer between tradition intergenerational group, presence of chronic degenerative diseases and drug charges in everyday use. Social Representation in the Structural words allocated in the central core (smell-bad, shame, worse-than-pee and bad), portrayed evaluative dimensions of negative character, and they were strengthened with speech fragments of the participants in the procedural approach to representation social. The combination of all the information supported the identification of nursing diagnoses according to the taxonomy NANDA I to be linked to the participants' responses on the anal incontinence. 11 of them are the real kind, eight-four risk of health promotion. It was concluded that the negative evaluative character for anal incontinence portrays the need for therapeutic approaches that help participants to handle such a geriatric syndrome with a view to active aging. The contribution of this research is the fact that it: 1) enable the development of a diagnosis of the aging process, the prevalence of anal incontinence in socially contextualized group in addressing primary health care and to identify nursing diagnoses according to the taxonomy NANDA I; 2) know the conceptions of people aged ≥65 years about one of the geriatric syndromes that have effect social, economic, relational and personal in active aging process and 3) to list grants for nursing professional reflections for therapeutic approaches that can be operationalized in primary health care in order to contribute to the aging process to occurs with autonomy, health, safety and social participation.