Demandas psicológicas, controle e apoio social no trabalho de agentes comunitários de saúde

Abstract

Psychosocial work stress, among other factors is the result of working conditions, psychological demands, control and social support in the process of work, so it is important to address the health of workers working relationship. This study aims to analyze and correlate psychological demands, control and social support of the work process of Community Health Agents of the city of Juiz de Fora - MG. We developed a descriptive and exploratory cross-sectional study with 212 ACS Primary Health Care (PHC). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, bivariate through the chi-square test and Fisher's exact and multivariate by linear Poisson regression. As independent variables we used self-perception of general and oral health, sociodemographic characteristics and work. For the analysis of the psychosocial work stress was used to small-scale, demand-control model (MDC), and social support at work, featuring the work as: low strain (low demand and high control) representing the group of reference; active work (high demand and high control); passive work (low demand and low control) and second combination of high risk and high strain (high demand and low control) group with highest exposure. The study population was predominantly female (91.5%) with mean age of 44 years (SD = 9.93), and age above 46 years (44.1%), married or cohabitating (55 5%), with high school education (48.8%). They work in a job (88.7%), with weekly working hours equal to 40h (84.4%) and have 11 to 20 years of work in the APS (59.9%) and less than or equal to 2 minimum wages income (100%). They considered their own general health as good (55.7%) and oral as good (50.9%). The predominant work between the ACS was the High requirement (n = 78; 36.8%), followed by passive work (n = 60; 28.3%), the Low requirement (n = 38; 17.9% ) and active work (n = 36; 17.0%). In high demand category bivariate analysis it was also the highest proportion among workers older than 37 years (75.9%), female (36.8%), married or stable union (37.6%) and full average level (48.8%). Showed significant power to the MDC covariates age (p = 0.009), length of service in the APS (p = 0.002) and social support (p = 0.007). Those that had a significance level of p <0.20 in the bivariate analysis were selected for the multivariate model. In the best fit model remained significant covariates Social Support (p = 0.002; RP = 1.12 with 95% CI, 1.05 -1.22) and service time in the APS with the rank of 6 to 10 years (p = 0.02; RP = 1.18 and 95% CI 1.02 to 1.37). The study showed a higher proportion of ACS in high demand job category, which is the highest exposure group to develop the psychosocial work stress and also revealed important aspects of risks to stress to which workers are exposed during their work process. It emphasizes the need for interventions in the conditions of life and work, especially in relation to psychosocial and organizational aspects.