Padrão hematológico de fêmeas de Callithrix penicillata Étienne Geoffroy, 1812 (Primates: Cebidae)

Abstract

Animals of different species are used in scientific research as biological models. Among the non-human primates are the marmosets, individuals belonging to the subfamily Callitrichinae, which includes the black-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix penicillata). This is primate native of Brazil and has been breeding in several centers of research this country. For its use as a model biological, it is necessary to study their physiological systems, which includes the blood system. To the understanding of this system, some tests are conducted in order to establish the standard blood of the animals for each environment where they are present, since different environments can cause changes in blood parameters. Seeking to establish a standardization haematological of females the marmosets of the colony the Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, the present study selected 11 females of C. penicillata this colony. Of the animals selected blood samples were taken weekly puncture through the femoral vein. The blood collected went through the standard procedures hematological analysis, and the following haematological parameters measured: erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leuckocyte count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and leuckocyte specific (counting of the cells: lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils). During the work six females entered into pregnancy, and that they were accompanied throughout the pregnancy and lactation, when this last occurred. The statistics made in the work was done through the ANOVA test with subsequent Dunnet to see differences between variables hematologic of females non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating. It xviii was used also descriptive statistics for all variables hematologic. The significance level was set α ≤ 0.05. After a comparative analysis with the available studies in the literature on hematology, C. penicillata outside lactation and pregnancy periods, it was found that addressed haematological parameters, the values of erythrocyte count, hematocrit and indexes MCV, MCH and MCHC this work showed significant differences with regard to the work in the literature, which were made in other geographic regions and/or use of different methodologies. Analyses during pregnancy showed no significant difference in haematological parameters discussed between weeks. The same occurred during the lactation period. Conducting a comparison between the periods of non-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation, there was a significant difference in the values of hematological parameters erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit between the pregnancy period and nonpregnancy, and the index MCHC difference between the pregnancy and lactation period. The differences are justified by the preparation of the body maternal pregnancy, as the occurrence of increased erythrocyte mass and haemodilution, and the haemodilution is more expressive that the increase erythrocyte mass, which causes a pseudoanemia to carry out the counts hematologic because the increase of liquid stock to secure the support of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Thus, the difference in values for pregnant and lactating does not correspond to a real anemia, but to a "physiologic anemia" which in fact does not present decrease in blood cell, only an increase in blood volume by increasing the quantity of circulating plasma. The difference found in the index MCHC is also due to haemodilution, since the electronic calculation of this index uses the values of MCH and MCV, determined by erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit, which suffered significant changes. The values found for the leuckocyte count, MCV and MCH did not differ between the periods studied.