Qual o melhor momento para a abertura de capital? analisando o timing dos IPOs das empresas brasileiras de energia a partir da teoria de opções reais

Abstract

The main reasons addressed to warrant the opening of capital are the initial public offerings (IPO) are cheaper financing option for some companies (according to their attributes), the corporate governance brought by public-owned minimizing agency conflicts, transparency and good image of the company (strategic behavior) increases the value of their market and corporate restructuring can generate more liquidity for the company. However, for some private companies it is not a question of why go public, but rather what the most appropriate time to conduct the IPO. In this context, this study aimed to adapt to the Brazilian case, the model of the IPO timing developed by Draho (2000), which uses the real options theory as a method to determine the optimal timing for an IPO. For this, were analyzed eight Brazilian energy companies (CPFL, EDP, Cosan, Brazil Ecodiesel, St. Martin, Açúcar Guarani, MPX and OGX) that held their primary offering during the period 2000-2009. As a result, we found that all the companies studied had anticipated their timing of IPO and thus, an analysis over characteristics of primary public offerings of companies was performed with the aim of identifying the main reasons for the anticipation. It was observed as common feature the presence of venture capital in the capital structure of all companies and many optimistic investors (investors outside the company, according to the model Bouis, 2003) interested in IPOs of companies. Additionally, the sample period (year of valuation of the Brazilian stock exchange, which preceded the subprime crisis erupted in 2008) may have also contributed to this result.