Acesso ao ensino técnico profissionalizante e seus retornos salariais no Brasil: uma análise a partir de um modelo de sinalização no mercado de trabalho

Abstract

Concern about the qualifications of labor and training of specific skills has been routinely debated, especially by developing countries. In this context, much has been discussed about the technical and vocational education, their deployment models and which impacts expected policies and support to this skillset. This work represents an effort to systematize the effects of policies for professional and technological education (EPT). Thus, this work aims to build a signaling model in the labor market to check the effects of public policies that affect access to EPT courses.More specifically, the model here developed begin from the analysis of parameters typically used by public policies, such as the granting of scholarships, extending the offer of vacancies in the public network and lowering the cost of obtaining student loans,to seek as these actions have an impact on wage gains arising from the conclusion of the EPT in comparison with those who attended higher education and secondary education. The main result of the theoretical model is the fact that some public policies that seek to expand access to vocational education, can have the reverse effect, increasing wage inequality between vocational and college education. This is due to the weakening of vocational education as worker productivity signal. With the objective to verify if this occurs empirically was performed a pet of an equation of salary using the methodology of differences in differences with matching from data from the Monthly Employment Survey (PME / IBGE). It is evidence that the results of the theoretical model occur in Brazil, mainly in the service sector.