Comparação de critérios para avaliação de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos

Abstract

Drugs are considered potentially inappropriate (PIM) for older people when they have an evidence-based statement, when they increase the risk of adverse reactions compared to younger or are not cost - effective patients. To facilitate the identification of these drugs in clinical practice, several lists of PIM have been published in the last two decades. This study aims to compare the criteria for evaluation of potentially inappropriate medication Beers, STOPP, EU(7)-PIM and Taiwan as its applicability and how the ability to identify adverse events (such as loss of cognition, falls and hospitalizations) in elderly patients, as well as identify factors associated with PIM, drug-drug interactions and polypharmacy. A cross-sectional epidemiologic study in community-dwelling adults was conducted by door-to-door survey in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Data were collected from a questionnaire composed of eleven sessions, among other things, addressed the use of drugs for the elderly. The data were submitted to the analysis of specificity and sensitivity of each criterion, chisquare, t-test, ANOVA, regression models and intraclass correlation between the criteria. From the total, 368 (92%) older adults were in continuous use of at least one drug. There was a high prevalence of polypharmacy, drug-drug interaction and PIMs, revealing that 149 (40.4%) of the older adults had all three iatrogenic criteria (polypharmacy, PIM and drug-drug interactions) concomitantly. A high prevalence of PIMs by Beers (50.0%), STOPP (46.2%), Eu(7)-PIM (59.5%) and Taiwan (31.3%) criteria was found. There was a high concordance between PIM criteria (from 66.3% to 81.8%) with a moderate to high intra-class correlation between criteria (0.607 to 0.851). In general, Taiwan criterion had lower levels of sensitivity (25.7-34.0%) and higher levels of specificity (67.8- 70.3%), EU(7)-PIM had higher levels of sensitivity (60-75.3%) and lower levels of specificity (41.1-46.9%) and Beers and STOPP had a more balanced sensitivity/specificity ratio (sensitivity: STOPP 50.7-55.3% and Beers 53.0%-56.9%; specificity: STOPP: 56-56.6% and Beers: 51.6-53.8%). A high prevalence of drug iatrogenic effects was found in the older adults assessed. This study showed that there is a consensus between the evaluated criteria, however each exhibited particular characteristics. These results can serve to inform new preventive and educational strategies for health professionals.