Interconexões setoriais e PIB per capita: há relação direta entre ambas as variáveis?

Abstract

Since the decade of 1950, when Albert O. Hirschman proposed the establishment of intersectoral linkages as strategy for the economic growth, major changes have happened in the structures of the national and global economies. While in some countries with lower per capita GDP plans for industrial development were followed, the richer countries passed by processes of deindustrialization and gain of relevance of the services. Following this contextualization, this essay tries to assess the possible relations that the total of interconnections inside an economy could have with some variables as the per capita GDP size or its growth. The major hypothesis to be tested is that by using the creation of linkages to reach economic growth, countries with higher per capita GDP would have bigger values in this variable. To this end, it will be used the eigenvector method from Dietzenbacher (1992), which allows to calculate the total of the aggregate linkages between sectors inside a country. Thereby, the total aggregate linkages measure (MAL) was built, as well as the MAL for inside the primary sectors, inside the industrial sectors and from the service sectors with the remainder of the economy. As a way to extract patterns which are more difficult to be visually observed, there were applied clusters analysis techniques on the results. The realization of these methods was possible due to the availability of input-output data for 40 countries between the years of 1995 and 2011 by the World Input-Output Database (WIOD). The conclusions point to the existence of positive correlations between the manufacturer linkages and the growth of the per capita GDP, and from the service sectors interconnections and the size of the per capita GDP. On the other hand, it was not possible to associate the total MAL in a country and its scale of per capita GDP. As a possible explanation, it is highlighted the relative loss in participation of the industries in the countries with bigger income, in special by the production segmentation process, by which the domestic intermediate sectors drive themselves to other countries.