Análise de fármacos anti-hipertensivos por difração de raios x por policristais

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide affecting millions of people, for this reason the cardiologists in the publication of the V Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension emphasized the importance of not buying antihypertensive medications through manipulation pharmacies. According to what was discussed, this is due to a lack of adequate information quality control, bioequivalence and / or chemical interaction of the compounds. The drugs used to treat hypertension are administered orally in solid form and therefore can crystallize in different crystalline forms, a phenomenon known as polymorphism. Polymorphism in drugs is a topic of great interest to the scientific community and presents a great challenge for the pharmaceutical industry, since changes in the crystalline arrangement can change the physicochemical properties of drugs, and consequently affect the development, security and effectiveness of a drug. The main technique for polymorphism characterization is the X-ray diffraction, whose main advantage over other techniques is the ability to differentiate unequivocally one of the other crystalline phases, even though this has the same composition. Based on aforementioned points, in this work was carried out the identification and quantification of crystalline phases of antihypertensive drugs, Losartan, Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone that are available to manipulation pharmacies in Juiz de Fora city, named A and B. There was also the quantification of phases in the same associations. For these purposes the techniques used were Raman vibrational spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), elemental analysis of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, and X-ray powder diffraction. The results showed that for diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone) only one crystalline phase was found in the samples, but for Losartan were observed orthorhombic and monoclinic phases. The phase analysis indicated that this technique can be used in quantifying drug combination.