Integralidade do cuidado na formação do enfermeiro: um enfoque histórico-cultural

Abstract

The study deals with the paradigm of comprehensive care as a guiding principle of the formation process of nurses. Aims to understand the meanings of comprehensive care nurse in the formation of built from the perception of teachers and students of the School of Nursing, Federal University of Juiz de Fora. From a qualitative nature, the work developed by guiding theoretical and philosophical approach of historicalcultural, sustained in the thinking of Vygotsky. Data were obtained through interviews with 11 teachers and 12 nursing students. The speeches were interpreted in the light of hermeneutics-dialectics, being examined and clarified through the movement of thought between the views of the author, and the theoretical concepts Vigotskianas. The secondary data were obtained from documented analysis of the Political- Pedagogical and Curriculum Course. From the analysis of interviews revealed three empirical categories: sensing and caring as a whole interrelated, comprehensive care in nursing education: a reality in construction and we have and what we want: the integral formation as technical excellence and social relevance. Documentary analysis of meaning units emerged, which were you represent a frame, making parallels between the National Curriculum Guidelines and the Political-Pedagogical Project Course. For data analysis, comprehensive care is to establish relationship with people who require assistance (client / patient), understanding their needs in a multifaceted perspective, expressed, among others, by the social, psychological, economic and spiritual. It is through the link with the user and conscious dialogue emerging possibilities of development and transformation of states of health / disease. However, there is a rush to the learning process and specialized care, rational and technical meanings poor values as a basis for a genuine therapeutic relationship. Sees the need for macro policy coordination in an interactive network composed of multiple actors (Universities / Colleges, managers, boards of health) that, with their knowledge, discuss the dynamics of the course curriculum in accordance with local realities. At the institutional level, the completeness is still a reality in construction. However, become apparent mobilization processes and discussion to build an ethical-political-pedagogical consistent with the complexities and demands of society. In spite of the curriculum divided by disciplines, identified in the statements of the new evidence. Active methods such as questioning, generate paths for critical and reflective knowledge. It is concluded that the training of nurses, in view of the interests of multiple stakeholders, requires collective projects feasible and consistent with the real needs of training for human care, legitimizing convergence of knowledge of the construction joint comprehensive care.