Argumentação no ensino de ciências: o uso de analogias como recurso para a construção do conhecimento

Abstract

This research sought to understand how analogies and metaphors are used by the teachers as a tool to promote the learning of scientific concepts. To this, the teacher’s teaching practice has become the object of our examination. Supported by the theoretical orientation of the Argumentation’s Theory by Chaïm Perelman, we reflect on how aspects of scientific culture were determinants of linguistic asepsis experienced today in science, also becoming responsible for the distance between the discourses of the classroom. The argumentation provides an opposed to aseptic demonstration and the analogy emerges as a reasoning tool able to reduce this distance, since it relies on previous knowledge to new concepts. The facts were obtained through dialogical interview and mediated observation, instruments developed in the qualitative research with approach historical-cultural. The analysis allows us to say that teachers do note have detailed knowledge on the theme, ignoring the existence of phases to use of the analogue approach as a teaching tool. In the presentation of analogies, the mapping of similarities and differences was underutilized, despising the idea that consensus is the key to creating the relationship between and the terms. Despised the complexity of reasoning tool, overcoming the analogy and the subsequent abstraction shall become the exclusive task of the students, therefore, uncertain. The shortage of situations where the analogy really was fertile tool for learning comes from the way the teacher relates to his discourse, the students discourse and tool learning, reflecting their view of science and science education.