Monitoramento da carga de treinamento e marcadores de sobrecarga no voleibol

Abstract

The intensification of the training load is a strategy used in moments of periodization, however, few studies make use of this approach in volleyball, a peculiar kind of sports, with an also peculiar schedule, which makes it necessary to know the behavior of the training load during a training period of this kind of sport by means of simple and easy to apply variables. Due to that, this dissertation aimed to: analyze the behavior of training load markers in a group of volleyball athletes submitted to intensified training loads compared to another group submitted to training loads without intensification; analyze and describe the behavior of the training load and that of recuperation along the training period in volleyball. At first, the male volleyball players were divided into 2 groups: the intensified training group (IT) with 8 athletes (23.37 ± 2.94 years old) and the training group with normal training (NT), also with 8 athletes (19.75 ± 1.48 years old). The Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-Sport), Creatine kinase (CK) and the vertical jump test (IV) were assessed on the 1st, 12th ans 26th days of training. The TQR (Total Quality Recovery) was applied on the first and last training days of each microcycle. The training load, quantified through the PSE method of the session, showed that in the IT group the load was higher in the first two microcycles, decreased in the two subsequent ones, was highest in the first training period and was also higher than that of the NT group, whose loads remained constant. The IV and the RESTQ-Sport did not present changes. The CK was higher on the 12th day in both groups, but higher in the IT group, while the values returned to the initial state after the second period in the IT group. The TQR in the IT presented lower values than those of the NT group, and the same happened in the two first microcycles. Later, 12 male volleyball athletes, with average age of 23.50 ± 3.39 years old, were monitored for 22 training weeks with the use of the session RPE method and the TQR scale. The total weekly training load, monotony and strain were calculated. The total weekly training load (p<0.01), monotony (p<0.01) and strain (p<0.01) were significantly different along the 22 weeks analyzed, showing an oscillatory behavior. The recovery remained constant along the 22 weeks. It can be concluded that the group submitted to the intensification of the training load did not present changes in performance. Nevertheless, it had more muscular damage, more stress and less recovery than the group which did not had intensification (and whose performance also remained 8 steady). The training load presented an oscillatory character along the weeks studied, with a progression in the values, alternating periods of high and low training loads, and recovery showed to be regular along the same period.