A participação social expressa na política educacional brasileira na primeira década do século XXI: uma análise das novas estratégias de educação para o consenso

Abstract

This study aimed to execute an analysis on the social participation design in the context of educational policies during the period of the power bloc of the government of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. For this, we used a specific education policy regard to the encouragement of the participation in the school setting. This is the National Program for the School Boards Strengthening released in 2004 and it proclaims as its main objective the strengthening of training and consolidation of School Boards as a way of promoting active participation of citizens in schools. In this respect we tried to comprehend the content of social participation on the bases of the following objectives: to characterize the ground rules of the Brazilian social formation that highlight the political and ideological regarding to the educational participation, to identify the social forces correlation, the power struggles and corporate projects that contextualize the different participation perspectives issued in the recent Brazilian educational history and analyze the contents of participation expressed by the educational policies from the National Program for Strengthening of School Boards guide book, the Departament of Education. Based on the historical-materialism we used as methodology the documental analysis, understanding that these documents present intentions, specific interests and act to intervene directly in the society. For this analysis construction, we seek to understand the social participation in classical philosophy of the origins of liberalism based on Locke and Rousseau and his their critique of democracy and rule formulations of Marx and Engels and later Gramsci and Poulantzas. Soon after, we sought to understand the participation, more specifically, in the Brazilian social development from the process of late introduction of the capitalist production mode until the neoliberalism years. In this last period we articulated the process of productive restructuration to the context of public policies for education formulation, pointing out the participation on the level of the small politics beyond its specificities on the Lula’s power bloc related to FHC. We confirmed these questions by analyzing the material provided by National Program for the School Boards Strengthening, where we emphasize the participation as a central point in the new pattern of sociability and that expresses the political program of the Third Way neoliberalism. Its goal is to establish a strategy of consensus and social cohesion, without allowing the construction of a high level of political consciousness. Accordingly, its contents denies a counterhegemonic project of the working class.