Processo de disposição a seco de rejeitos de mineração: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Given the recent environmental disasters caused by the failure of tailings dams in Brazil, it has become essential to explore safer alternative methods for managing these materials. This study aims to analyze the dry disposal method for mining tailings, addressing the filtration, transportation, stacking, and compaction processes of filtered tailings, as well as the necessary monitoring and environmental management measures to ensure the method's safety. The adopted methodology is based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), involving the collection and analysis of scientific articles published in the last five years. Academic databases such as the CAPES Journals Portal and Google Scholar were used to select relevant studies on the topic. The results indicate that dry tailings disposal offers several advantages over conventional dams, such as reduced water consumption, greater geotechnical stability, and a lower risk of catastrophic failures. However, challenges such as high initial costs, the need for specific infrastructure, and the adaptation of mining companies to the new model still represent obstacles to the widespread adoption of this technique. It is concluded that dry tailings disposal is a promising and more sustainable alternative for mining, aligning with environmental and safety requirements. However, further research and specific regulations are necessary to optimize the process and enable its large-scale implementation.