A variação dos preços da cesta básica durante a Pandemia do COVID-19

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the variation in the prices of basic food baskets reflected the economic impacts of the crisis in Brazil. The general objective of this study was to compare the impacts of the pandemic on the price of basic food baskets in the cities of Viçosa and Montes Claros, analyzing cost variations in different periods and regional contexts. The research used a qualitative and documentary methodology, based on data from DIEESE, Unimontes and UFV, which included the percentage variations in prices before, during and after the most critical periods of the pandemic, focusing on the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The results revealed significant differences in the prices of basic food baskets among the municipalities analyzed, reflecting the economic and geographic characteristics of each region. Viçosa, located in the Zona da Mata Mineira, showed greater sensitivity to seasonal factors and a slower economic recovery. In contrast, Montes Claros, in the North of Minas Gerais, showed greater resilience due to its economic diversification and integration with regional markets. Both municipalities have a high HDI and similar GDPs per capita, allowing a balanced analysis of the economic impacts of the pandemic. The research found that differences in supply chains, seasonality of agricultural products, and local policies were key factors in price variations. During the pandemic, significant increases in items such as carioca beans, potatoes, and long-life milk highlighted supply and demand shocks, which were exacerbated by logistical disruptions and increased demand during periods of social isolation. These findings highlight the importance of public policies to mitigate regional and economic inequalities, especially in times of crisis. The analysis contributes to understanding Brazil's economic and regional complexities and can support strategies for dealing with future emergencies.