Avaliação de um sistema simplificado de tratamento de água em uma escola na Zona Rural de Juiz de Fora – MG

Abstract

Several developing countries, such as Brazil, face numerous challenges in ensuring universal access to safe drinking water, especially in rural areas. Providing access to adequate drinking water services is one of the most effective ways to promote health and quality of life. Given this scenario, this study aimed to analyze the performance of a Multiple Stage Filtration (MSF) system, with 3,35 m³/m².d filtration rate, consisting of a pre-filter, slow sand filtration, and disinfection by chlorination, implemented in a municipal school located in the rural area of the Monte Verde de Minas district, in Juiz de Fora, MG. The system's performance evaluation involved laboratory analyses of raw water at different points: before, throughout, and after the filtration system, as well as after the chlorination disinfection stage. The analyzed parameters included apparent color, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, iron, nitrate, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and free residual chlorine. Additionally, a granulometric analysis of the filter media was performed, along with statistical tests to determine significant differences between sampling points and between dry and rainy periods. The pre-filter played a crucial role in improving water quality before entering the slow sand filter, demonstrating high efficiency in turbidity removal. Slow sand filtration was effective in E.coli removal, achieving an average efficiency of 89.69%. The chlorination disinfection system was essential to ensuring the microbiological safety of the water; however, failures in chlorine maintenance compromised the quality of the drinking water.