Mulheres ilustradas: representações femininas nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil

Abstract

This research seeks to draw a brief overview of the changes observed in american illustration, based on a defined time frame spanning the decades from 1890 to 1945. To this end, we selected a limited number of artists who make their work popular symbols of such representations, analyzing and comparing them in order to get closer to its social, political and cultural role, to understand the changing in models shown throughout the years. Likewise we proceeded in the last chapter. We elect to analyze the brazilian illustrator Alceu Penna in order to map out the dialogues of american illustration with national illustration. A stage for large graphical productivity, the proposed time frame begins at the end of the 1890s in the United States, a period that we saw the birth of the new model of woman personified in the features of the famous Gibson Girl. Go through to the 1920s, where the euphoria of the "crazy years" gave birth to women's ankles show and very short strands: the Age of the flapper. With the Great Depression of 1929 and World War II, another model emerges, the pin ups, making the previous euphoria in an atmosphere watered with patriotism and sensuality. Its influence reaches the country, influencing the production of various illustrators, like Alceu Penna. To build and understand the transformations suffered and their influences, we make use of primary sources, such as the illustrations found in digital museum collections and personal archives, and secondary sources, as several books, articles and essays. We seek to trace dialogues to enrich the debate about the illustrative representations of both countries, hoping to expand looks about the ways that the illustration is able to reveal. Analyzing female representations in Penna by parallels and conversations with north american models, we hope to assist in views of similarities and differences between the two productions, contributing with new thoughts on the graphic material of such cultures, their approaches and potential.