Capitalismo na crise ambiental: um estudo a partir de Nancy Fraser e Maristella Svampa

Abstract

The dissertation analyzes the perspectives of Nancy Fraser and Maristella Svampa on the environmental crisis in the context of the Anthropocene, inseparable from capitalism. Recognizing the importance of period diagnostics for guidance in times of crisis, the research investigates how these two authors address the environment in their analyses, not aiming for a direct comparison but highlighting the different interpretations and proposed solutions they present. Nancy Fraser, who recently incorporated the environment into her analyses, emphasizes it as a noneconomic background essential for the survival of capitalism, proposing an anticapitalist and trans-environmental eco-politics. In contrast, Maristella Svampa, with a Latin American perspective, has always addressed the environment, dividing her historical analysis into three consensuses: Washington, Commodities, and Decarbonization. The research employs a method of comparative theoretical analysis, examining key works of the authors to identify their approaches to the environmental crisis and their proposed solutions. The conclusions indicate that, although both are anti-capitalist, their interpretations of the crisis and proposed solutions differ significantly. Fraser emphasizes the overcoming of capitalism as a necessary condition for resolving the environmental crisis, while Svampa values the transformation of development models and the expansion of local initiatives without necessarily considering the overcoming of capitalism as the sole solution. The dissertation contributes to a richer and more nuanced understanding of different ways to interpret and address the environmental crisis in the context of contemporary capitalism.