O urbanismo e a gestão dos desastres: estudo sobre potenciais rotas de fuga até abrigos emergenciais para vítimas de inundação nas proximidades do baixo curso do Córrego Ipiranga em Juiz de Fora/MG

Abstract

Brazil experienced significant urban population growth in the 20th century. This accelerated process occurred mainly after the 1960s and, as a result, the population has inadequate infrastructure. The overload of this infrastructure has negative consequences, especially in relation to water resources, including storm drainage. Brazil is one of the countries that suffers most from extreme events, and floods are the most devastating, with one in three tragedies in Brazil falling into this category. According to the Civil Defense, flood records in the municipality of Juiz de Fora (MG) increase annually. In this context, the research aims to observe the impacts caused in the lower course of the Ipiranga Stream Hydrographic Basin, in the Santa Luzia neighborhood, in Juiz de Fora and in the lives of residents, and, with this, propose escape routes to emergency shelters, where victims can be accommodated in the event of incidents. The methodology is based on five stages: literature review; collection of data and photographs related to locations subject to flooding; identification of critical points; application of geoprocessing techniques to identify areas subject to flooding and propose escape routes. Based on the analysis of media outlets, it was possible to identify the points of the risk areas. Through this information, it was possible to confirm the most chronic and recurrent locations in relation to flooding with the overflow of the Ipiranga River Basin. In addition, the use of resources through the ArcGis software allowed the identification of areas potentially subject to flooding. The field activity also allowed the identification of public and private establishments, such as schools and churches, which can be used as support and refuge points for the population affected by the floods in this area. As a result, seven locations were identified as emergency shelters and the sections of the escape routes were mapped. In addition, signage was created for these routes and support points. This research seeks to provide information for future projects to assist victims of these events, propose training and simulations of displacement to these points, enabling mitigating measures to the impacts caused to them, with the presence of escape routes and emergency shelters.