Avaliação ex-vivo da microarquitetura óssea peri-implantar por meio de micro tomografia computadorizada (µCT): comparação entre as técnicas de fresagem convencional e osseodensificação

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the insertion torque (IT), implant stability quotient (ISQ) and the peri-implant bone microarchitecture, comparing the conventional drilling technique (CT) with osseodensification (OD). For this, implants (3.5x8.5 mm) were installed in bone fragments from the tibia of pigs (n=12), divided into two groups: CT (n=6) and OD (n=6). After the implant installation procedure, the IT and ISQ were measured using a digital torque meter and resonance frequency analysis. The bone fragments containing the implants were then extracted with a trephine and analyzed using Microtomography (µCT, 8.0 µm). Group comparison was conducted using the unpaired t-test (α=0.05). The results demonstrated that OD led to significantly higher insertion torque (CT: 7.67±2.44 Ncm; OD: 19.78±5.26 Ncm) (p=0.0005), while ISQ showed no significant difference (CT: 61.33±4.66; OD: 63.25±4.58) (p=0.48). Notably, peri-implant bone volume increased significantly with OD (CT: 23.17±3.39 mm3 ; OD: 32.01±5.75 mm3 ) (p=0.008), along with changes in trabecular parameters: trabecular separation (CT: 0.4357±0.03 mm; OD: 0.3865±0.04 mm) (p=0.0449), trabecular number (CT: 1.626±0.18 1/mm; OD: 1.946±0.13 1/mm) (p=0.007), and trabecular thickness (CT: 0.1130±0.009 mm; OD: 0.1328±0.015 mm) (p=0.02). Structure model index (SMI) data showed no significant differences between groups (CT: 1.7±0.2; OD: 1.4±0.4) (p=0.12). In conclusion, OD increases insertion torque values and induces positive changes in bone microarchitecture compared to CT.