O uso da metodologia investigativa para produção de uma sequência didática sobre o ciclo biológico do Aedes aegypti antes e após o tratamento com larvicidas populares e comerciais

Abstract

Biology teaching must be experienced in a contextualized and dynamic way. The content related to the topic of combating Aedes aegypti, passed automatically, does not promote effective awareness of the topic when traditional teaching methodologies are applied. Contextualizing problems related to public health in Biology teaching has great relevance in the interest and participation of students. The present work aimed to produce a didactic sequence of an investigative nature on Aedes aegypti, developing in students cognitive scientific skills, transforming and multiplying social actions aimed at combating the vector of different types of arboviruses. The study was applied to students from five third-year high school classes (n=185) at Escola Estadual Prefeito Joaquim Pedro Nascimento, located in the municipality of Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study was conducted in five stages: 1st stage - Problematization of the topic, using videos about the mosquito and presentation of epidemiological data on arboviruses transmitted by the vector. 2nd stage - Construction of the mosquito net. 3rd stage - Tests with larvicides. 4th stage - School survey on zoonosis, preparation of folders with guidelines for combating larvae and mosquitoes and preparation of a presentation that was given at school to the school community by students participating in the project. 5th stage - Morpho-histology of Aedes aegypti larvae. The results obtained demonstrated many gaps in the students' prior knowledge about the behavior, ecology, symptoms and treatments of arboviruses. The construction of the mosquito nets, the observations and daily events of the emergence of biological forms of the mosquito were instigators, arousing greater interest among students in Biology classes. Collection of larvae and tests with larvicides demonstrated 100% efficiency of the commercial larvicide Natular DT® spinosad and 70% of the popular clove larvicide diluted in water. The activity with the school community and the construction of the folders highlighted the prominence of the protagonist and the creativity of the students in carrying out this stage, confirming the potential of the students in the teaching-learning process. The morpho-histological practice of larvae led students to investigate with the development of hypotheses that attempted to explain the possible differences analyzed in the tissues and cells seen under microscopes. At the end of the research, the same pre-test questionnaire was reapplied to the students and was called post-test. The present study confirmed that active methodologies combined with research place the student at the center of the teaching-learning process, contributing to their learning, instigating their knowledge and skills.