De potenciais a reais doadores: uma análise das variáveis que influenciam o processo de doação de córneas

Abstract

Objective: To analyze factors that influence the process of cornea donation among potential donors for a Public Hospital and a Private Hospital in Juiz de Fora. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study. We traced the deaths occurred in a Public Hospital and a Private Hospital in Juiz de Fora in the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010, identified the potential donors of corneas, checked whether the deaths were reported to the Central Notification, Procurement and Distribution organs (CNCDO) from Zona of Mata in Juiz de Fora and whether or not this notification resulted in donation. If there were no donation, it was justified the cause of not being done, and if it has occurred, we analyzed the fate of the captured cornea (transplantation or loss). The data were analyzed and discussed using the statistical analysis performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 13.0. Results: The mortality profile of the institutions under study is characterized by being mostly male (53.1%), aged from 2 to 80 years (69.1%), with cause of death that did not prevent corneal transplantation to be done (59.1%). Of the 863 deaths, 138 (16%) were not notified to CNCDO-Zona of Mata and of these, 54 were potential donors. Of the total deaths, 210 (24.3%) were classified as potential donors. The percentage of effective capture of the cases surveyed was 34.9%. 30 donations of corneas were performed (19.2%). It was observed that from 60 corneal grafts (30 donors), 75.0% (45) were discarded. The effectiveness of the donation was not justified by family refusal in 58 cases (7.0%), by logistical or structural problems in 125 cases (15.0%) and recorded in the medical contraindications CNCDO-Zona da Mata in 650 cases (78.0 %). Conclusion: The study population, 24.3% were potential donors of corneas. The medical contraindication was the biggest reason for not effecting the donation of corneas, corresponding to 78.0% of the causes. Whereas only 25% of corneal grafts were transplanted, it is concluded that a considerable difference between the number of potential donors and the number of actual donors for transplantation of corneas, since much is lost during the donation process.