Análise da viabilidade de células shed cultivadas em filmes nanobiocompósitos contendo nanofibras de celulose ou nanotubos de carbono

Abstract

The increase in bone diseases in the population represents a significant challenge for public health. The search for effective therapies is essential to treat these debilitating conditions. In this context, nanobiotechnology, which involves the use of nanomaterials in the biomedical field, emerges as a promising approach, providing innovative solutions in the development of advanced treatments for bone diseases. Among the existing nanomaterials, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) stand out. When associated with biodegradable polymers such as chitosan, they have promising potential in the field of bone tissue bioengineering. By combining these components, it is possible to obtain nanobiocomposite films capable of mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) of living tissues, allowing cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In this context, these nanobiocomposites can be employed in the development of in vitro models of bone tissue as well as in bone repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of human dental pulp-derived stem cells (SHED) cultured on nanobiocomposite films composed of chitosan/CNF or chitosan/CNT. For this purpose, cell morphology and area were assessed using light microscopy, while cell viability and mitochondrial activity were analyzed using Trypan Blue, Alamar Blue, and MTT assays. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the results, and means were compared using Tukey's test. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Means were presented as mean values ± standard error (SE) of the mean. The results obtained indicated that the nanobiocomposite film reinforced with CNF altered the mitochondrial metabolism of the cells and cell area (P<0.05). However, these changes were not observed with the nanobiocomposite reinforced with CNT at 24 and 48 hours (P>0.05). Both nanobiocomposites did not affect the viability of SHED cells at the three culture times (P>0.05). Thus, these biomaterials have promising potential as in vitro culture scaffolds for stem cells and are relevant for applications in bone tissue regeneration.