Estrutura de demanda e uso de energia: uma análise de insumo-produto para países selecionados (1995 e 2005)

Abstract

Energetic inputs are essential and have few substitutes. The energy consumption is associated to households’ well-being and is needful in any productive process. The economic growth and development of non-OECD countries is causing modification in households’ structure of demand and in the production structure through technical progress, which changes the demand by the different energy inputs. In this context, this thesis goal is to access how the changes in the elements associated to the demand, i.e. households’ demand and production structure, impact the use of energy in developing countries (Brazil, China and India) and in developed countries (Germany, United Kingdom and United States). To achieve such objective we used input-output matrix of 1995 and 2005, applying the Structural Decomposition Analysis. The following results can be highlighted: i) the sectors verified as main suppliers in the economy are those which use more energy; ii) for the households’ demand the quantity effect is in general higher than the allocation effect, in both developed and developing countries; iii) for the technological contribution, the portion referring only the changes in the energetic inputs is in general higher than the portion regarding the changes in the non-energetic inputs, in both developed and developing countries.