Impacto psicossocial da cirurgia ortognática

Abstract

Patients with dentofacial deformities present physical signs and symptoms, including dental malocclusion, jaw retrognathism or prognathism, facial asymmetry, and masticatory difficulty, which are often accompanied by psychological symptoms, causing low self-esteem. Although orthognathic surgery seeks to achieve an improvement in the function and harmonization of the face, through better dental occlusion and facial aesthetics, in clinical practice, psychosocial changes after treatment are clear. This psychosocial impact of surgical correction of the dentofacial deformity is still little discussed in the scientific literature. This work aims to review the literature on the psychosocial changes that occur in patients with dentofacial deformities undergoing orthognathic surgery. A literature search was carried out in the PubMed and SciELO databases, considering the period from 2001 to 2020, with the combination of the following descriptors: “orthognathic surgery”, “psychosocial impact”, “quality of life”, “psychosocial” and “ orthognathic patient”. After analyzing and reading the texts, 16 articles were included because they presented data relevant to the theme. It was noted that, in general, orthognathic surgery provides considerable psychosocial changes in patients, often positive, through an improvement in quality of life. However, in some cases, patients' expectations were not met. Due to this, the presence of a multidisciplinary team is recommended, with psychological support before and after the surgical treatment, aiming at optimizing the results. The lack of standardized studies in the literature makes it difficult to obtain direct results, requiring randomized studies with standardized questionnaires to confirm the real psychosocial impact of orthognathic surgery.