A coconstrução de interações caracterizadas por atos de violência física: uma análise linguístico-interacional dos elementos multimodais de provas em vídeo da Justiça Militar

Abstract

This paper analyzes three cases with audiovisual records evidence conducted in the Brazilian Federal Military Court. Videos can be attached in case files as evidence for the formation of the judge's conviction, especially in criminal cases with acts of physical violence. The interpretation of these images is not obvious, generating doubts in the viewer about the nature of the activity developed. This difficulty, combined with the lack of training, leads to a deficiency in the interpretation of video evidence in Courts (SILBEY, 2008; KAHAN, 2009; SHERWIN, 2011; RICCIO; GUEDES, 2022; RICCIO; MESSIAS; GUEDES; MATTOS, 2019; AUGUSTO ; RICCIO; VIEIRA, 2021; AUGUSTO; VIEIRA; RICCIO, 2023). Thus, the objective of this exploratory research (GIL, 2002) is to investigate how the co-construction of a recorded interaction, as video evidence and characterized by acts of physical violence, occurs. In order to understand how the elements of the activity indicate the physical violence’s frame, whether ambiguity is observed in interactions and how it is structured and how surrounding participants’ actions contribute to this activity’s configuration, the analysis of Interactional Sociolinguistics (BATESON , 2013; GOFFMAN, 1986, 2013; GUMPERZ, 2013; KENDON, 1990; ROSSANO, 2013; GLENN, 2013) was combined with theoretical assumptions of multimodality (STIVERS, 2013; CRUZ; OSTERMANN; ANDRADE; FREZZA, 2019). The methodology is qualitative and interpretative (DENZIN; LINCON, 2006), adopting the multiple case study method (YIN, 2015). The data were transcribed according to Jefferson’s (LODER, 2008) and to Mondada’s Model (2022). The results indicate that multimodal elements allow to understand various aspects of the activity, such as the nature of the frame, the alignment of the interactors, the moments and attitudes that precede the aggressions and the strategies for reducing the intensity or even for ceasing the acts of physical violence. The research, hence, consists in a practical use of combined theories of Goffman (1986) and Gumperz (2013) aimed at the interpretation of a complex and challenging frame, with the inferences obtained being able to contribute with professionals in Forensic Linguistics and, consequently, in Law.