Inter-relação entre pré-diabetes e doença periodontal: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion and/or action, which may be related to periodontal disease. Pre-diabetes is a condition in which blood glucose levels are elevated, often asymptomatic, but do not yet reach the threshold for a diagnosis of DM. However, there is limited evidence regarding the influence of pre-diabetes on the periodontal condition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the interrelation between periodontal disease and pre-diabetes, considering associated risk factors, through a literature review. The PubMed database was used for the search strategy, combining the following terms: "prediabetes AND periodontal disease" or "prediabetes AND periodontitis." Studies published within the last 10 years were considered. A total of 113 articles were found, of which 16 were systematic reviews and were excluded from the selection. Studies published in languages other than English were also excluded. After evaluating titles and abstracts, 14 articles were selected for full-text reading. Finally, 11 articles were included in the review. Among the 11 selected articles, 6 demonstrated an association between periodontal disease and pre-diabetes, 4 studies showed no association, and 1 study had inconclusive results. Based on the observed studies, it can be concluded that the association between pre-diabetes and periodontal disease is inconclusive, and more significant evidence is needed in the literature regarding this association. However, it is noted that smoking habits, a family history of diabetes, and low socioeconomic status are possible risk factors for both pre-diabetes and periodontal disease.