Desenvolvimento de um sensor eletroquímico para análise de lactato em amostras de urina e saliva

Abstract

This paper presents findings related to studies on the electrochemical behavior of lactate and hydrogen peroxide in various electrodes using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical behavior of hydrogen peroxide on modified electrodes with Prussian blue film using gold electrodes, composite and glassy carbon was also investigated. In a second step it was developed an electrochemical biosensor for determining lactate by monitoring the hydrogen peroxide produced in the reaction catalyzed lactate with oxygen in the presence of the enzyme lactate oxidase. At this stage, the work consisted of the enzyme lactate oxidase immobilized on the electrode surface, previously modified with Prussian Blue, with the aid of Nafion®. After the construction and optimization of the biosensor analysis conditions (flow rate, potential, sample volume, amount of enzyme and volume of Nafion) for obtaining greater sensitivity in development of the method for the determination of lactate by flow analysis, it was investigated whether the repeatability of measurements (Clactate = 0.20 mmol.L-1) obtaining a standard deviation of 7.1% to 27 repetitions. The analytical frequency was estimated to 41 injections per hour. It was obtained a detection limit of 2.95 μmol.L-1 and a limit of quantification equal to 9.84 μmol.L-1. The biosensor was applied to the quantification of lactate in biological samples (urine and saliva). The results obtained by the proposed method were compared with those from the use of the reference method.